Proto-oncogenes are involved in normal cell growth and division. These changes are sometimes called “drivers” of cancer. The genetic changes that contribute to cancer tend to affect three main types of genes- proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. How Does Cancer Develop?Ĭancer cells can break away from the original tumor and travel through the blood or lymph system to distant locations in the body, where they exit the vessels to form additional tumors. For example, some cancer therapies prevent blood vessels from growing toward tumors, essentially starving the tumor of needed nutrients. Researchers have taken advantage of this fact, developing therapies that target the abnormal features of cancer cells. Many times, cancer cells rely so heavily on these abnormal behaviors that they can’t survive without them. This lets cancer cells grow more quickly. In addition, some cancer cells make energy from nutrients in a different way than most normal cells. rely on different kinds of nutrients than normal cells.Some cancer cells have double the normal number of chromosomes. accumulate multiple changes in their chromosomes, such as duplications and deletions of chromosome parts.For instance, some cancer cells convince immune cells to protect the tumor instead of attacking it. trick the immune system into helping cancer cells stay alive and grow.The immune system normally eliminates damaged or abnormal cells. These blood vessels supply tumors with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products from tumors. tell blood vessels to grow toward tumors. Normal cells stop growing when they encounter other cells, and most normal cells do not move around the body.
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